Thought #175: From SELFHTML and Spaghetti Code to Digital Sovereignty

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In Thought #174 I told how I learned touch-typing in 11th grade in Olbernhau and how it helped me in the early 1990s on the university’s MS-DOS computers. Here the story continues – a story about the web, about expensive detours and about how, in the end, I came back to myself.

Windows 95 and SELFHTML

With Windows 95 the internet came into my life. At the time I was working as a freelance instructor in adult education and wanted to understand how websites work. My textbook was SELFHTML by Stefan Münz – for a whole generation in the German-speaking world, the way into the web. That’s where I looked things up, typed out tags, tried things, threw them away again.

From english-online.de to english-test.net

With Matthias Hanns I built interactive PHP tests on english-online.de. Later came english-test.net. I met the programmer for it at BWM in Leipzig-Plagwitz: Vyacheslav Gromov, known as Slava, self-taught. Together we grew the site to five-figure visitor numbers a day.

Technically, to be honest, it was spaghetti code: raw PHP, everything hardcoded, content, logic and presentation all jumbled together – not a trace of separation of concerns. It worked. But every change was a risk.

Expensive detours

So everything was to be rebuilt. Through Upwork, developer Joel Millen was to rebuild the site on Drupal for 10,000 dollars. The attempt failed – my verdict at the time, in two words: shoddy design. english-test.net only became stable with the Ukrainian agency Zfort Group, which rebuilt the project in PHP on the Yii framework. After that, I sold the site.

Then came english.best: this time in Python, on Google Cloud, with a Scrum team from Belarus. I spent between 30,000 and 50,000 euros on it. But what cost me the most energy wasn’t the money – it was the friction of remote communication: requirements travelling back and forth through tickets and meetings until little was left of the original idea.

After that I took a break for several years.

Coming full circle

In autumn 2026 I’m sitting at a command line again – this time in the Linux terminal of my Chromebook, together with Gemini and Claude Code. And I type with the same ten fingers I trained in Olbernhau among the secretaries. That’s how uno.team is being built: no agency, no middleman, no friction between what I think and what ends up online.

For me, that is digital sovereignty: not being able to do everything alone, but holding the tools in such a way that my own thoughts set the direction. AI writes along – but I’m at the wheel.

Looking back today, the expensive detours weren’t for nothing. I now know what clean architecture is worth, what it costs when it’s missing, and how much freedom there is in understanding your own website yourself.

How the story continues – what came out of a single day in the terminal with Gemini and Claude Code, and why I no longer need website builders or agencies – I tell in the third part, Thought #430.

🤖 Reflection quiz on Thought #175

Three questions to keep thinking. Choose an answer – you will then get an explanation and a prompt for self-reflection.

  1. What was the basic technical problem of the early version of english-test.net?
    A) It only ran under MS-DOS.
    B) It was spaghetti code: raw, hardcoded PHP with no separation of concerns, so every change was risky.
    C) It had too few visitors.
    D) It was written entirely in Python.
  2. According to the text, what cost Torsten the most energy with english.best?
    A) Learning Python.
    B) The hosting costs on Google Cloud.
    C) The friction of remote communication, until little was left of the original idea.
    D) Finding a domain name.
  3. What does Torsten mean by digital sovereignty at the end of the text?
    A) Holding the tools in such a way that your own thoughts set the direction – AI writes along, but he is at the wheel.
    B) Doing everything without a computer.
    C) Hiring as many agencies as possible at the same time.
    D) Leaving every decision to AI.
Something to think about

What do you take away from this thought?

Three ways from here